放熱器基準比較：EN 442 vs GB/T 13754
欧州EN 442と中国GB/T 13754-2017の放熱器選定・出力定格基準の詳細比較。
概要
Radiator output ratings depend critically on the reference temperature conditions under which they are tested. Two major standards dominate radiator testing and rating worldwide: European standard EN 442 and Chinese national standard GB/T 13754-2017. While both standards define test procedures for measuring thermal output, they use different reference temperature differences (ΔT), leading to significantly different published output values for the same physical radiator.
The difference in reference ΔT — 50 K for EN 442 versus 64.5 K for GB/T 13754 — reflects the different system design temperatures common in European versus Chinese heating systems. European systems typically operate at lower temperatures (75/65°C) due to the prevalence of condensing boilers and district heating, while Chinese systems traditionally use higher temperatures (95/70°C).
パラメータ比較
| パラメータ | EN 442 | GB/T 13754-2017 |
|---|---|---|
| 基準ΔT | 50 K | 64.5 K |
| 標準出力 — 柱型 | Manufacturer-rated (per section) | 140 W/section (600mm column) |
| パネル型 ㎡当たり出力 | 550 W/m² | 770 W/m² |
| 柱型 セクション当たり出力 | Per manufacturer specification | Per manufacturer specification |
| 試験往温度 | 75°C | 95°C |
| 試験還温度 | 65°C | 70°C |
| 試験室温 | 20°C | 18°C |
| 放熱器指数（典型値） | n = 1.3 (column) / 1.2 (panel) | n = 1.3 (column) / 1.2 (panel) |
| 補正係数法 | EN 442 correction curves | GB/T 13754 correction table |
計算式の違い
Both standards use the same fundamental heat output formula: Q = Qref × (ΔT / ΔTref)n where Q is the actual heat output, Qref is the rated output at reference conditions, ΔT is the actual mean water-to-air temperature difference, ΔTref is the reference ΔT (50 K for EN 442, 64.5 K for GB/T 13754), and n is the radiator exponent characterizing the radiator type.
The mean water temperature is calculated as Tm = (Tflow + Treturn) / 2, and the temperature difference is ΔT = Tm − Troom. For EN 442: ΔT = ((75 + 65) / 2) − 20 = 50 K. For GB/T 13754: ΔT = ((95 + 70) / 2) − 18 = 64.5 K.
The conversion factor between the two standards for a column radiator (n = 1.3) is: QGB / QEN = (64.5 / 50)1.3 ≈ 1.39. This means a radiator rated at 1000 W under EN 442 would be rated at approximately 1390 W under GB/T 13754, even though it is the exact same physical product.
設計への影響分析
The 64.5 K reference ΔT in GB/T 13754 means that Chinese-standard radiator ratings appear approximately 39% higher than their EN 442 ratings for the same physical radiator. Designers must be extremely careful when specifying imported radiators or comparing products across standards. A European-designed system using EN 442 ratings cannot simply substitute Chinese-rated products at face value.
For low-temperature heating systems (e.g., heat pump systems with 45/35°C flow/return), the actual ΔT is much lower than either reference condition. At a typical low-temperature ΔT of 30 K, an EN 442 rated 1000 W radiator delivers only Q = 1000 × (30/50)1.3 ≈ 520 W — about half its rated output. This is why low-temperature systems require significantly larger radiator surfaces. The same principle applies regardless of standard, but the correction ratio differs based on the reference ΔT.
地域別適用性
EN 442 is the standard for radiator testing and rating across Europe, the UK, and many countries following European building codes. It aligns with the trend toward lower-temperature heating systems driven by condensing boiler and heat pump adoption. GB/T 13754-2017 applies across China and is mandatory for all radiators sold in the Chinese market. The higher reference ΔT reflects China's continued use of high-temperature coal-fired boiler systems, though this is gradually changing with the adoption of gas-fired condensing boilers and heat pumps in new buildings.
よくある質問
EN 442放熱器試験の基準ΔTは？
EN 442は基準ΔT 50 Kで放熱器を試験。
GB/T 13754の基準ΔTは？
GB/T 13754-2017は基準ΔT 64.5 Kを使用。
EN 442とGB/T 13754定格間の換算方法は？
EN 442からGB/T 13754へ、(64.5/50)^1.3 ≈ 1.39を乗じる。
どちらの基準がパネル型出力が高い？
GB/T 13754 770 W/m² vs EN 442 550 W/m²。
中国システムでEN 442定格放熱器を使用可能？
可能だが補正係数の適用が必要。